FTP vs FTPS: Understanding the Key Differences

Published {$created} by Viggo

FTP, or File Transfer Protocol, is one of the oldest methods for transferring files over a network. It's been around since the early days of the internet and remains widely used for file transfers. The basic FTP protocol transmits data in plain text, meaning usernames and passwords are sent unencrypted. While still functional, its lack of security makes it unsuitable for transferring sensitive information.

What is FTPS?

FTPS, or FTP over SSL/TLS, is a secure version of FTP. It adds encryption to the connection using SSL/TLS protocols. This means data transferred between the client and server is encrypted, protecting it from eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks. FTPS typically operates on port 990 instead of the standard FTP port 21.

Key Differences

The primary difference between FTP and FTPS lies in security. While both protocols use the same FTP commands, the critical distinction is in the encryption of data in transit:

1. Security: FTP sends data in plain text, making it vulnerable to interception. FTPS encrypts both commands and data, providing confidentiality and integrity.

2. Port: FTP uses port 21, while FTPS uses port 990 by default.

3. Authentication: Both protocols support password authentication, but FTPS can also use certificate-based authentication for enhanced security.

4. Client Compatibility: Most FTP clients support both protocols, though some older applications might have limited FTPS compatibility.

Which Should You Use?

For transferring sensitive information like business documents, customer data, or personal files, FTPS is the clear choice. It provides the security needed to protect your data. For less critical file transfers where security isn't a primary concern, standard FTP might suffice, but even then, consider encrypting data before transfer.